Section 1.1: What is a Theory?

A theory serves as a structured explanation of various phenomena. It comprises interconnected ideas or propositions intended to elucidate a specific subject. A theory can also be rooted in broader principles that extend beyond the immediate topic being examined. The fundamental purpose of a theory is to provide clarity regarding a phenomenon while offering a more extensive understanding.

Daily life often prompts us to theorize about numerous topics—like the reasons behind heavy traffic or how children form friendships at school. Theories are inherently uncertain, yet they can be validated or disproven through personal experiences and empirical observations.

Section 1.2: Understanding Opinions

Opinions represent widely held beliefs and assumptions. Unlike theories, opinions lack verification, as they do not necessarily stem from factual information or knowledge. Essentially, an opinion is an individual's viewpoint or judgment regarding a subject.

These views are highly personal, shaped by individual feelings and thoughts about life and the world. While everyone possesses opinions, they cannot be objectively validated as right or wrong.

Section 1.3: Defining Facts

Facts are unassailable truths. They hold their ground because they are grounded in information acquired through our senses. For something to qualify as a fact, it must exist independently of our perceptions and be observable.

For instance, the sky appears blue when we look up, and while one might argue it's orange, the consensus remains that it is blue. Although facts can be debated, they remain unchanged.

As we wrap up this discussion, I hope the distinctions between these concepts are clearer.

The first video titled "What is sociological theory and why is it important" provides an insightful overview of the significance of sociological theories in understanding society.